Thomas S. Whittam
Publications

• 149. Manning, S. D., M. A. Lewis, A. C. Springman, E. A. Lehotzky, T. S. Whittam, and H. D. Davies. 2008. Impact of antibiotic usage and other factors on genotypic diversity of group B Streptococcus isolated from women before and after childbirth. Clinical Infectious Diseases (in press).
  
• 148. Manning, S. D, A. S. Motiwala, A. C. Springman, W. Qi, D. W. Lacher, L. M. Ouellette, J. M. Mladonicky, P. Somsel, J. T. Rudrik, S. E. Dietrich, W. Zhang, B. Swaminathan, D. Alland, and T. S. Whittam. 2008. Variation in virulence among clades of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with disease outbreaks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (in press).
  
• 147. Ziebell, K., P. Konczy, I. Yong, S. Frost, M. Mascarenhas, A. M. Kropinski, T. S. Whittam, S. C. Read, and M. A. Karmali. 2008. Applicability of phylogenetic methods for characterizing the public health significance of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). Applied and Environmental Microbiology (in press).
  
• 146. Tarr C. L., A. M. Nelson, L. Beutin, K. E. P. Olsen, and T. S. Whittam. 2008. Molecular characterization reveals similar virulence gene content in unrelated clonal groups of Escherichia coli of serogroup O174 (OX3). Journal of Bacteriology 190:1344–1349. [PubMed link]
  
• 145. Cho, S., D. J. Boxrud, J. M. Bartkus, T. S. Whittam, and M. Saeed. 2007. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from human and non-human sources using a single multiplex PCR. FEMS Microbiology Letters 275: 16–23. [PubMed link]
  
• 144. Bergholz, T. M., C. L. Tarr, L. M. Christensen, D. J. Betting, and T. S. Whittam. 2007. Recent gene conversions between duplicated glutamate decarboxylase genes (gadA and gadB) in pathogenic Escherichia coli. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24:2323-2333. [PubMed link]
  
• 143. Feng, P. C. H., S. R. Monday, D. W. Lacher, L. Allison, A. Siitonen, C. Keys, M. Eklund, H. Nagano, H. Karch, J. Keen and T. S. Whittam. 2007. Genetic diversity among clonal lineages within the Escherichia coli O157:H7 stepwise evolutionary model. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13:1701-1706 [EID link]
  
• 142. Bergholz, T. M., L. M. Wick, W. Qi, J. T. Riordan, L. M. Ouellette, and T. S. Whittam. 2007. Global transcriptional response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to growth transitions in glucose minimal medium. BMC Microbiology 7:97 [PubMed link]
  
• 141. Walk, S. T., J. M. Mladonicky, J. A. Middleton, A. J. Heidt, J. R. Cunningham, P. Bartlett, K. Sato, and T. S. Whittam. 2007. The influence of antibiotic selection on the population genetic composition of Escherichia coli from conventional and organic dairy farms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:5982-5989 [PubMed link]
  
• 140. Walk, S. T., E. W. Alm, L. M. Calhoun, J. M. Mladonicky, and T. S. Whittam. 2007. Genetic diversity and population structure of Escherichia coli isolated from freshwater beaches. Environmental Microbiology 9:2274-2288. [PubMed link]
  
• 139. Besser T. E., N. Shaikh, N. J. Holt, P. I. Tarr, M. E. Konkel, P. Malik-Kale, C. W. Walsh, T. S. Whittam, and J. L. Bono. 2007. Greater diversity of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites among Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle than in those from humans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:671-679. [PubMed link]
  
• 138. Manning S. D., R. T. Madera, W. Schneider, S. E. Dietrich, W. Khalife, W. Brown, T. S. Whittam, P. Somsel, and J. T. Rudrik. 2007.  Surveillance for Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, Michigan, 2001–2005. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13:318-321. [PubMed link]
  
• 137. Whittam, T. S., and T. M. Bergholz. 2007. Molecular subtyping, source tracking, and food safety, p. 93-136. In J. W. S. Domingo and M. J. Sadowsky (ed.), Microbial Source Tracking. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D. C. [ASMPress link]
  
• 136. Lacher, D. W., H. Steinsland, M. S. Donnenberg, and T. S. Whittam. 2007. Molecular evolution of typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli:  Clonal analysis by multilocus sequence typing and virulence gene allelic profiling.  Journal of Bacteriology 189:342-350. [PubMed link]
  
• 135. Alland, D., D. W. Lacher, M. H. Hazbon, A. S. Motiwala, W. Qi, R. D. Fleischmann, and T. S. Whittam. 2006. The role of large sequence polymorphisms in generating genomic diversity in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their utility in phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45:39-46. [PubMed link]
  
• 134. Bergholz, T. M. and T. S. Whittam.  2007.  Variation in acid resistance among enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in a simulated gastric environment. Journal of Applied Microbiology 102:352-362 [PubMed link]
• 133. Lacher, D. W., H. Steinsland, and T. S. Whittam. 2006. Allelic subtyping of the intimin locus (eae) of pathogenic Escherichia coli by fluorescent RFLP. FEMS Microbiology Letters 261:80-87. [PubMed link]
  
• 132. Palaniappan, R. U, Y. Zhang, D. Chiu, A. Torres, C. Debroy, T. S. Whittam, and Y. F. Chang. 2006. Differentiation of Escherichia coli pathotypes by oligonucleotide spotted array. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 44:1495-1501. [PubMed link]
  
• 131. Zhang, W., W. Qi., T. J. Albert., A. S. Motiwala., D. Alland., E. K. Hyytia-Trees, E. M. Ribot, P. I. Fields, T. S. Whittam, and B. Swaminathan. 2006. Probing genomic diversity and evolution of Escherichia coli O157 by single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Genomic Research 16:757-67. [PubMed link]
  
• 130. Wick, L. M., J. M. Rouillard, T. S. Whittam, E. Gulari, J. M. Tiedje, and S. A. Hashsham. 2006. On-chip non-equilibrium dissociation curves and dissociation rate constants as methods to assess specificity of oligonucleotide probes. Nucleic Acids Research 34:e26-e35 [PubMed link]
  
• 129. Monday, S.R., C. Keys, P. Hanson, Y. Shen, T. S. Whittam and P. Feng. 2006. Produce isolates of Escherichia coli Ont:H52 serotype that carry both Shiga toxin 1 and stable toxin genes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72:3062-3065. [PubMed link]
• 128. Saeed, A. M., S. T. Walk, M. Arshad, and T. S. Whittam. 2005. Clonal structure and variation in virulence of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from mice, chickens, and humans. Journal of AOAC International 89:504-511. [PubMed link]
  
• 127. Filliol, I., A. S. Motiwala, M. Cavatore, W. Qi, M. Hernando Hazbon, M. Bobadilla Del Valle, J. Fyfe, L. Garcia-Garcia, N. Rastogi, C. Sola, T. Zozio, M. I. Guerrero, C. I. Leon, J. Crabtree, S. Angiuoli, K. D. Eisenach, R. Durmaz, M. L. Joloba, A. Rendon, J. Sifuentes-Osornio, A. Ponce de Leon, M. D. Cave, R. Fleischmann, T. S. Whittam, and D. Alland. 2006. The global phylogeny of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis: Insights into tuberculosis evolution, phylogenetic accuracy of other DNA fingerprinting systems, and recommendations for a minimal standard SNP set. Journal of Bacteriology 188: 759-772. [PubMed link]
  
• 126. Elena, S. F., T. S. Whittam, C. L. Winkworth, M. A. Riley, and R. E. Lenski. 2005. Genomic divergence of Escherichia coli strains: Evidence for horizontal transfer and variation in mutation rates. International Microbiology 8: 271-278. [PubMed link]
  
• 125. Manning, S. D., D. W. Lacher, H. D. Davies, B. Foxman, and T. S. Whittam. 2005. DNA polymorphism and molecular subtyping of the capsular gene cluster of group B Streptococcus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43:6113-6116. [PubMed link]
  
• 124. Fitch, B. R., K. L. Sachen, S. R. Wilder, M. A. Burg, D. W. Lacher, W. T. Khalife, T. S. Whittam, and V. B. Young. 2005. Genetic diversity of Campylobacter sp. isolates from retail chicken products and humans with gastroenteritis in central Michigan. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43: 4221-4224. [PubMed link]
  
• 123. Large, T. M., S. T. Walk, and T. S. Whittam. 2005. Variation in acid resistance among Shiga toxin-producing clones of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71:2493-2500. [PubMed link]
  
• 122. Wick, L. M., W. Qi, D. W. Lacher, and T. S. Whittam. 2005. Evolution of genomic content in the stepwise emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Bacteriology 187:1783-1791 [PubMed link]
  
• 121. Hyma, K. E., D. W. Lacher, A. M. Nelson, A. C. Bumbaugh, J. M. Janda, N. A. Strockbine, V. B. Young, and T. S. Whittam. 2005. Evolutionary genetics of a new pathogenic Escherichia species: Escherichia albertii and related Shigella boydii strains. Journal of Bacteriology 187:619-628. [PubMed link]
  
• 120. Anantha R. P., A. L. McVeigh, L. H. Lee, M. K. Agnew, F. J. Cassels, D. A. Scott, T. S. Whittam, and S. J. Savarino. 2004. Evolutionary and functional relationships of colonization factor antigen I and other Class 5 adhesive fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infection and Immunity 72:7190-7201. [PubMed link]
  
• 119. He, S. Y., Nomura, K., and T. S. Whittam. 2004. Type III protein secretion mechanism in mammalian and plant pathogens. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1694: 181-206. [PubMed link]
  
• 118. Davies, H. D., N. Jones, T. S. Whittam, S. Elsayed, N. Bisharat, and C. J. Baker. 2004. Multilocus sequence typing of serotype III group B Streptococcus and correlation with pathogenic potential. Journal of Infectious Diseases 189:1097-1102. [PubMed link]
  
• 117. Qi, W., D. W. Lacher, A. C. Bumbaugh, K. E. Hyma, L. M. Ouellette, T. M. Large, C. L. Tarr, and T. S. Whittam. 2004. EcMLST: an online database for multilocus sequence typing of pathogenic Escherichia coli. pp. 520-521. In: : Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference CSB2004. IEEE Computer Society Press. Los Alamitos, CA. [Download pdf]
  
• 116. Schlager, T. A., T. S. Whittam, J. O. Hendley, J. L. Bhang, C. L. Wobbe, and A. Stapleton. 2003. Variation in frequency of the virulence-factor gene in Escherichia coli clones colonizing the stools and urinary tracts of healthy prepubertal girls. Journal of Infectious Diseases 188:1059-1064. [PubMed link]
  
• 115. Kowalski, W. J., W. P. Bahnfleth, B. A. Striebig, and T. S. Whittam. 2003. Demonstration of a hermetic airborne ozone disinfection system: studies on E. coli. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal (Fairfax, Va) 64:222-227. [PubMed link]
  
• 114. Blank, T. E., D. W. Lacher, I. C. Scaletsky, H. Zhong, T. S. Whittam, and M. S. Donnenberg. 2003. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O157 strains from Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9:113-115. [PubMed link]
  
• 113. Alland, D., T. S. Whittam, M. B. Murray, M. D. Cave, M. H. Hazbon, K. Dix, M. Kokoris, A. Duesterhoeft, J. A. Eisen, C. M. Fraser, and R. D. Fleischmann. 2003. Modeling bacterial evolution with comparative-genome-based marker systems: application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis evolution and pathogenesis. Journal of Bacteriology 185:3392-3399. [PubMed link]
  
• 112. Tarr, C. L., T. M. Large, C. L. Moeller, D. W. Lacher, P. I. Tarr, D. W. Acheson, and T. S. Whittam. 2002. Molecular characterization of a serotype O121:H19 clone, a distinct Shiga toxin-producing clone of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Infection and Immunity 70:6853-9. [PubMed link]
  
• 111. Whittam, T. S., and A. C. Bumbaugh. 2002. Inferences from whole-genome sequences of bacterial pathogens. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 12:719-725. [PubMed link]
  
• 110. Maidhof, H., B. Guerra, S. Abbas, H. M. Elsheikha, T. S. Whittam, and L. Beutin. 2002. A multiresistant clone of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O118:[H16] is spread in cattle and humans over different European countries. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68:5834-5842. [PubMed link]
  
• 109. Whittam, T. S. 2002. Two different open reading frames named slyA in the E. coli sequence databases. Trends in Microbiology 10:268
  
• 108. Schlager, T. A., J. O. Hendley, A. L. Bell, and T. S. Whittam. 2002. Clonal diversity of Escherichia coli colonizing stools and urinary tracts of young girls. Infection and Immunity70:1225-1229. [Download pdf]
  
• 107. Bumbaugh, A. C., E. A. McGraw, K. L. Page, R. K. Selander, and T. S. Whittam. 2002. Sequence polymorphism of dotA and mip alleles mediating invasion and intracellular replication of Legionella pneumophila. Current Microbiology 44:314-322. [Download pdf][Color Fig. 1] [Fig. 2][Fig. 3]
  
• 106. Tarr, C. L., and T. S. Whittam. 2002. Molecular evolution of the intimin gene in O111 clones of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology184:479-487. [Download pdf]
  
• 105. Davies, R. L., S. Campbell, and T. S. Whittam. 2002. Mosaic structure and molecular evolution of the leukotoxin operon (lktCABD) in Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, Mannheimia glucosida, and Pasteurella trehalosi. Journal of Bacteriology184:266-277 [Download pdf]
  
• 104. Monday, S. R., T. S. Whittam, and P. C. Feng. 2001. Genetic and evolutionary analysis of mutations in the gusA gene that cause the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Infectious Diseases 184: 918-21. [Download pdf]
  
• 103. May, B. J., Q. Zhang, L.L. Li, M. L. Paustian, T. S. Whittam, and V. Kapur. 2001. Complete genomic sequence of Pasteurella multocida, Pm70. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98:3460-3465 [Download pdf]
  
• 102. Donnenberg, M. S. and T. S. Whittam. 2001. Pathogenesis and evolution of virulence in enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Journal of Clinical Investigation 107:539-548. [Download pdf]
  
• 101. Davies, R. L., T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 2001. Sequence diversity and molecular evolution of the leukotoxin (lktA) gene in bovine and ovine strains of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica. Journal of Bacteriology 183:1394-1404. [Download pdf]
  
• 100. Johnson, J. R., P. Delavari, A. L. Stell, T. S. Whittam, U. Carlino, and T. A. Russo. 2001. Molecular comparison of extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolates from the same electrophoretic lineages from humans and domestic animals. Journal of Infectious Diseases 183:154-159. [Download pdf]
  
• 99. Kowalski, W.J., W. P. Bahnfleth, D. L. Witham, B. F. Severin, and T. S. Whittam. 2000. Mathematical modeling of UVGI for air disinfection. Quantitative Microbiology 2: 249-270. [Download pdf]
  
• 98. Blank, T. E., H. Zhong, A. L. Bell, T. S. Whittam, and M. S. Donnenberg. 2000. Molecular variation among type IV pilin (bfpA) genes from diverse enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Infection and Immunity 68:7028-7038 [Download pdf]
  
• 97. Tarr, P. I., L. M. Schoening, Y.-L. Yea, T. R. Ward, S. Jelacic, and T. S. Whittam. 2000. Acquisition of the rfb-gnd cluster in the evolution of Escherichia coli O55 and O157. Journal of Bacteriology 182:6183-6191. [Download pdf]
  
• 96. Herbelin, C. J., S. C. Chirillo, K. A. Melnick, and T. S. Whittam. 2000. Gene conservation and loss in the mutS-rpoS genomic region of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 182:5381-5390. [Download pdf]
  
• 95. Reid, S. D., C. J. Herbelin, A. C. Bumbaugh, R. K. Selander, and T. S. Whittam. 2000. Parallel evolution of virulence in pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nature 406:64-67. [Download pdf]
  
• 94. Schlager, T. A., T. S. Whittam, J. O. Hendley, J. Bhang, G. R, and A. Stapleton. 2000. Expression of virulence factors among Escherichia coli isolated from the periurethra and urine of children with neurogenic bladder on intermittent catheterization. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal 19:37-41. [Download pdf]
  
• 93. Kowalski, W.J., W. P. Bahnfleth, and T. S. Whittam. 1999. Filtration of airborne microorganisms: modeling and prediction. ASHRAE Transactions 105:4-16. [Download pdf]
  
• 92. Smith, K. S., C. Jakubzick, T. S. Whittam, and J. G. Ferry. 1999. Carbonic anhydrase in an ancient enzyme widespread in prokaryotes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 26:15184 - 15189. [Download pdf]
  
• 91. Schlager, T. A., J. O. Hendley, R. A. Wilson, V. Simon, and T. S. Whittam. 1999. Correlation of periurethral bacterial flora with bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in children with neurogenic bladder receiving intermittent catheterization. Clinical Infectious Diseases 28:346-350. [Download pdf]
  
• 90. Czeczulin, J. R., T. S. Whittam, I. R. Henderson, and J. P. Nataro. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of enteroaggregative and diffusely-adherent Escherichia coli. Infection and Immunity 67:2692-2699. [Download pdf]
  
• 89. Nagy, B., R. A. Wilson, and T. S. Whittam. 1999. Genetic diversity among Escherichia coli isolates carrying f18 genes from pigs with porcine postweaning diarrhea and edema disease. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37:1642-1645. [Download pdf]
  
• 88. Reid, S. D., D. J. Betting, and T. S. Whittam. 1999. Molecular detection and identification of intimin alleles in pathogenic Escherichia coli by multiplex PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37:2719-2722. [Download pdf]
  
• 87. Reid, S. D., R. K. Selander, and T. S. Whittam. 1999. Sequence diversity of flagellin (fliC) alleles in pathogenic Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 181:153-160. [Download pdf]
  
• 86. McGraw, E. A., J. Li, R. K. Selander, and T. S. Whittam. 1999. Molecular evolution and mosaic structure of alpha, beta and gamma intimins of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Molecular Evolution and Biology 16:12-22. [Download pdf]
  
• 85. Martinez, M. B., T. S. Whittam, E. A. McGraw, J. Rodrigues, and L. R. Trabulsi. 1999. Clonal relationship among invasive and non-invasive strains of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli serogroups. FEMS Microbiology Letters 172:145-151. [Download pdf]
  
• 84. Whittam, T. S. 1998. Evolution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains, p. 195-209. In: J. B. Kaper and A. D. O'Brien (ed.), Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains. ASM Press, Washington, D.C. [Download pdf]
  
• 83. Whittam, T. S., E. A. McGraw, and S. D. Reid. 1998. Pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7: a model for emerging infectious diseases, p. 163-183. In: R. M. Krause (ed.), Emerging Infections. Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y. [Download pdf]
  
• 82. Whittam, T. S., S. D. Reid, and R. K. Selander. 1998. Mutators and long-term molecular evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Emerging Infectious Diseases 4:1-3. [Download pdf]
  
• 81. Kowalski, W. J., W. P. Bahnfleth, and T. S. Whittam. 1998. Bactericidal effects of high airborne ozone concentrations on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Ozone Science and Engineering 20:205-221. [Download pdf]
  
• 80. Feng, P., K. A. Lampel, H. Karch, and T. S. Whittam. 1998. Genetic and phenotypic changes in the emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Journal of Infectious Diseases 177:1750-1753. [Download pdf]
  
• 79. Tarr, P. I., C. R. Clausen, T. S. Whittam, and R. A. Wilson. 1998. Antibiotic resistance and O antigen expression in Escherichia coli. Journal of Infectious Diseases 177:1774-1775. [Download pdf]
  
• 78. Bokete, T. N., T. S. Whittam, R. A. Wilson, C. R. Clausen, C. M. O'Callahan, S. L. Moseley, T. R. Fritsche, and P. I. Tarr. 1997. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Escherichia coli with enteropathogenic characteristics isolated from Seattle children. Journal of Infectious Diseases 175:1382-1389. [Download pdf]
  
• 77. Lieven-Antoniou, C., and T. S. Whittam. 1997. Specificity in the symbiotic association of Lotus corniculatus and Rhizobium loti from natural populations. Molecular Ecology 6:629-639. [Download pdf]
  
• 76. Beutin, L., D. Geier, S. Zimmermann, S. Aleksic, H. A. Gillespie, and T. S. Whittam. 1997. Epidemiological relatedness and clonal types of natural populations of Escherichia coli strains producing Shiga toxins in separate populations of cattle and sheep. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63:2175-2180. [Download pdf]
  
• 75. Wieler, L. H., T. K. McDaniel, T. S. Whittam, and J. B. Kaper. 1997. Insertion site of the locus of enterocyte effacement in enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli differs in relation to the clonal phylogeny of strains. FEMS Microbiology Letters 156:49-53. [Download pdf]
  
• 74. Gaines, M. S., J. E. Diffendorfer, R. H. Tamarin, and T. S. Whittam. 1997. The effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure of small mammals populations. Journal of Heredity 88:294-304. [Download pdf]
  
• 73. Sreevatsan, S., X. Pan, K. E. Stockbauer, N. D. Connell, B. N. Kreiswirth, T. S. Whittam, and J. M. Musser. 1997. Restricted structural gene polymorphism in the Mycobacteriumcomplex indicates evolutionarily recent global dessimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 94:9869-9874. [Download pdf]
  
• 72. Goncalves, A. G., L. C. Campos, T. A. T. Gomes, J. Rodrigues, V. Sperandio, T. S. Whittam, and L. R. Trabulsi. 1997. Virulence properties and clonal structures of strains of Escherichia coli O119 serotypes. Infection and Immunity 65:2034-2040. [Download pdf]
  
• 71. Wang, F. S., T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1997. Evolutionary genetics of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (icd) in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Journal of Bacteriology 179:6551-9. [Download pdf]
  
• 70. Whittam, T. S. 1996. Genetic variation and evolutionary processes in natural populations of Escherichia coli, p. 2708-2720. In: F. C. Neidhardt, R. C. Curtiss III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, D. C. [Download pdf]
  
• 69. Whittam, T. S., and E. A. McGraw. 1996. Clonal analysis of EPEC serogroups. Reviews in Microbiology, Sao Paulo 27:7-16. [Download pdf]
  
• 68. Boyd, E. F., F.-S. Wang, T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1996. Molecular genetic relationships of the Salmonellae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62:804-808. [Download pdf]
  
• 67. Rodrigues, J., I. C. A. Scaletsky, L. C. Campos, T. A. T. Gomes, T. S. Whittam, and L. R. Trabulsi. 1996. Clonal structure and virulence factors in strains of Escherichia coli of the classic serogroup O55. Infection and Immunity 64:2680-2686. [Download pdf]
  
• 66. Feng, P., P. I. Fields, B. Swaminathan, and T. S. Whittam. 1996. Characterization of nonmotile variants of Escherichia coli O157 and other serotypes by using an antiflagellin monoclonal antibody. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 34:2856-2859. [Download pdf]
  
• 65. Trabulsi, L. R., L. C. Campos, T. S. Whittam, T. A. T. Gomes, J. Rodrigues, and A. G. Goncalves. 1996. Traditional and non-traditional enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serogroups. Reviews in Microbiology, Sao Paulo 27:1-6. [Download pdf]
  
• 64. Ngeleka, M., J. K. P. Kwaga, D. G. White, T. S. Whittam, C. Riddell, R. Goodhope, A. A. Potter, and B. Allen. 1996. Escherichia coli in broiler chickens: Clonal relationships among strains and analysis of virulence-associated factors of isolates from diseased birds. Infection and Immunity64:3118-3126. [Download pdf]
  
• 63. Versalovic, J., V. Kapur, T. Koeuth, G. H. Mazurek, T. S. Whittam, J. M. Musser, a nd J. R. Lupski. 1995. DNA fingerprinting of pathogenic bacteria by fluorophore-enhanced repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 119:23-29. [Download pdf]
  
• 62. Strain, S. R., T. S. Whittam, and P. J. Bottomley. 1995. Analysis of genetic structure in soil populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum recovered from the USA and UK. Molecular Ecology 4:105-114. [Download pdf]
  
• 61. Kapur, V., W. M. Sischo, R. S. Greer, T. S. Whittam, and J. M. Musser. 1995. Molecular population genetic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from cows. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33:376-380. [Download pdf]
  
• 60. Schlager, T. A., T. S. Whittam, J. O. Hendley, R. J. Hollis, M. A. Pfaller, R. A. Wilson, and A. Stapleton. 1995. Comparison of expression of virulence factors by Escherichia coli causing cystitis and E. coli colonizing the periurethra of healthy girls. Journal of Infectious Diseases 172:772-777. [Download pdf]
  
• 59. Eardly, B. D., F.-S. Wang, T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1995. Species limits in Rhizobium populations that nodulate the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61:507-512. [Download pdf]
  
• 58. Schlager, T. A., S. Dilks, J. Trudell, T. S. Whittam, and J. O. Hendley. 1995. Bacteriuria in children with neurogenic bladder treated with intermittent catheterization: natural history. The Journal of Pediatrics 126:490-496. [Download pdf]
  
• 57. Whittam, T. S. 1995. Genetic population structure and pathogenicity in enteric bacteria, p. 217-245. In: S. Baumberg, J. P. W. Young, E. M. H. Wellington, and J. R. Saunders (ed.), Population genetics of bacteria. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. [Download pdf]
  
• 56. Maslow, J. N., T. S. Whittam, C. F. Gilks, R. A. Wilson, M. E. Mulligan, K. S. Adams, and R. D. Arbeit. 1995. Clonal relationships among bloodstream isolates of Escherichia coli. Infection and Immunity 63:2409-2417. [Download pdf]
  
• 55. Kapur, V., S. Kanjilal, M. R. Hamrick, L.-L. Li, T. S. Whittam, S. A. Sawyer, and J. M. Musser. 1995. Molecular population genetic analysis of the streptokinase gene of Streptococcus pyogenes: mosaic alleles generated by recombination. Molecular Microbiology 16:509-519. [Download pdf]
  
• 54. Boyd, E. F., K. Nelson, F.-S. Wang, T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1994. Molecular genetic basis of allelic polymorphism in malate dehydrogenase (mdh) in natural populations of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91:1280-1284. [Download pdf]
  
• 53. Campos, L. C., T. S. Whittam, T. A. T. Gomes, J. R. C. Andrade, and L. R. Trabulsi. 1994. Escherichia coli serogroup O111 includes several clones of diarrheagenic strains with different virulence properties. Infection and Immunity 62:3282-3288. [PubMed link]
  
• 52. Samadpour, M., J. E. Ongerth, J. Liston, N. Tran, D. Nguyen, T. S. Whittam, R. A. Wilson, and P. I. Tarr. 1994. Occurrence of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli in retail fresh seafood, beef, lamb, pork, and poultry from grocery stores in Seattle, Washington. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60:1038-1040. [Download pdf]
  
• 51. Kapur, V., T. S. Whittam, and J. M. Musser. 1994. Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis 15,000 years old? Journal of Infectious Diseases 170:1348-1349. [Download pdf]
  
• 50. Strain, S. R., K. Leung, T. S. Whittam, F. J. deBruijn, and B. J. Bottomley. 1994. Genetic structure of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii and viciae populations found in two Oregon soils under different plant communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60:2772-2778. [Download pdf]
  
• 49. Li, J., K. Nelson, A. C. McWhorter, T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1994. Recombinational basis of serovar diversity in Salmonella enterica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91:2552-2556. [Download pdf]
  
• 48. White, D. G., R. A. Wilson, D. A. Emery, K. V. Nagaraja, and T. S. Whittam. 1993. Clonal diversity among strains of Escherichia coli incriminated in turkey colisepticemia. Veterinary Microbiology 34:19-34. [Download pdf]
  
• 47. Whittam, T. S., M. L. Wolfe, I. K. Wachsmuth, F. Ørskov, I. Ørskov, and R. A. Wilson. 1993. Clonal relationships among Escherichia coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis and infantile diarrhea. Infection and Immunity 61:1619-1629. [Download pdf]
  
• 46. Li, J., N. H. Smith, K. Nelson, P. B. Crichton, D. C. Old, T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1993. Evolutionary origin and radiation of the avian-adapted non-motile salmonellae. Journal of Medical Microbiology 38:129-139. [Download pdf]
  
• 45. Wang, G., T. S. Whittam, C. M. Berg, and D. E. Berg. 1993. RAPD (arbritrary primer) PCR is more sensitive than multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for distinguishing related bacterial strains. Nucleic Acids Research 21:5930-5933. [Download pdf]
  
• 44. Loos, B. G., D. W. Dyer, T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1993. Genetic structure of populations of Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with periodontitis and other oral infections. Infection and Immunity 61:204-212. [Download pdf]
  
• 43. Nei, M., and T. S. Whittam. 1993. Forward. Molecular Biology and Evolution 1:1. [Download pdf]
  
• 42. Schlager, T. A., J. O. Hendley, J. A. Lohr, and T. S. Whittam. 1993. Effect of periurethral colonization on the risk of urinary tract infection in healthy girls after their first urinary tract infections. Pediatric Infectious Diseases 12:988-993. [Download pdf]
  
• 41. Whittam, T. S., and S. E. Ake. 1993. Genetic polymorphisms and recombination in natural populations of Escherichia coli, p. 223-245. In: N. Takahata and A. G. Clark (ed.), Mechanisms of molecular evolution. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Mass. [Download pdf]
  
• 40. White, D. G., M. Dho-Moulin, R. A. Wilson, and T. S. Whittam. 1993. Clonal relationships and variation in virulence among Escherichia coli strains of avian origin. Microbial Pathogenesis 14:399-409. [Download pdf]
  
• 39. Kapur, V., D. G. White, R. A. Wilson, and T. S. Whittam. 1992. Outer membrane protein patterns mark clones of Escherichia coli O2 and O78 strains that cause avian septicemia. Infection and Immunity 60:1687-1691. [Download pdf]
  
• 38. Whittam, T. S. 1992. Sex in the soil. Current Biology 2:676-678. [Download pdf]
  
• 37. Clark, A. G., and T. S. Whittam. 1992. Sequencing errors and molecular evolutionary analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9:744-752. [Download pdf]
  
• 36. Beltran, P., S. A. Plock, N. H. Smith, T. S. Whittam, D. C. Old, and R. K. Selander. 1991. Reference collection of strains of the Salmonella typhimurium complex from natural populations. Journal of General Microbiology 137:601-606. [Download pdf]
  
• 35. Nelson, K., T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1991. Nucleotide polymorphism and evolution in the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gapA) in natural populations of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88:6667-6671. [Download pdf]
  
• 34. Selander, R. K., A. G. Clark, and T. S. Whittam. 1991. Evolution at the molecular level. Sinuaer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
• 33. Whittam, T. S., and M. Nei. 1991. Neutral mutation hypothesis test. Nature 354:114-116. [Download pdf]
  
• 32. Hedrick, P. W., T. S. Whittam, and P. Parham. 1991. Heterozygosity at individual amino acid sites: extremely high levels for HLA-A and -B genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88:5897-5901. [Download pdf]
  
• 31. Selander, R. K., P. Beltran, N. H. Smith, R. M. Barker, P. B. Crichton, D. C. Old, J. M. Musser, and T. S. Whittam. 1990. Genetic population structure, clonal phylogeny, and pathogenicity of Salmonella paratyphi B. Infection and Immunity 58:1891-1901. [Download pdf]
  
• 30. Beutin, L., I. Ørskov, F. Ørskov, S. Zimmermann, J. Prada, H. Gelderblom, R. Stephan, and T. S. Whittam. 1990. Clonal diversity and virulence factors in strains of Escherichia coli of the classic enteropathogenic serogroup O114. Journal of Infectious Diseases 162:1329-1334. [Download pdf]
  
• 29. White, D. G., R. A. Wilson, A. S. Gabriel, M. Saco, and T. S. Whittam. 1990. Genetic relationships among strains of avian Escherichia coli associated with swollen-head syndrome. Infection and Immunity 58:3613-3620. [Download pdf]
  
• 28. Herzer, P. J., S. Inouye, M. Inouye, and T. S. Whittam. 1990. Phylogenetic distribution of branched RNA-linked multicopy single-stranded DNA among natural isolates of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 172:6175-6181. [Download pdf]
  
• 27. Ørskov, F., T. S. Whittam, A. Cravioto, and I. Ørskov. 1990. Clonal relationships among classic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) belonging to different O groups. Journal of Infectious Diseases 162:76-81. [Download pdf]
  
• 26. Whittam, T. S. 1989. Clonal dynamics of Escherichia coli in its natural habitat. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 55:23-32. [Download pdf]
  
• 25. Hedrick, P. W., and T. S. Whittam. 1989. Sex in diploids. Nature 342:231-232. [Download pdf]
  
• 24. Whittam, T. S., M. L. Wolfe, and R. A. Wilson. 1989. Genetic relationships among Escherichia coli isolates causing urinary tract infections in humans and animals. Epidemiology and Infection 102:37-46. [Download pdf]
  
• 23. Whittam, T. S., and R. A. Wilson. 1988. Genetic relationships among pathogenic strains of avian Escherichia coli. Infection and Immunity 56:2458-2466. [Download pdf]
  
• 22. Whittam, T. S., I. K. Wachsmuth, and R. A. Wilson. 1988. Genetic evidence of clonal descent of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Journal of Infectious Diseases 157:1124-1133. [Download pdf]
  
• 21. Whittam, T. S., and R. A. Wilson. 1988. Genetic relationships among pathogenic Escherichia coli of serogroup O157. Infection and Immunity56:2467-2473. [Download pdf]
  
• 20. Gilmour, M. N., T. S. Whittam, M. Kilian, and R. K. Selander. 1987. Genetic relationships among the oral streptococci. Journal of Bacteriology 169:5247-5257. [Download pdf]
  
• 19. Selander, R. K., D. A. Caugant, and T. S. Whittam. 1987. Genetic structure and variation in natural populations of Escherichia coli, p. 1625-1648. In: F. C. Neidhardt, J. L. Ingraham, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: cellular and molecular biology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. [Download pdf]
  
• 18. Selander, R. K., J. M. Musser, D. A. Caugant, M. N. Gilmour, and T. S. Whittam. 1987. Population genetics of pathogenic bacteria. Microbial Pathogenesis 3:1-7. [Download pdf]
  
• 17. Caugant, D. A., W. D. Zollinger, L. F. Mocca, C. E. Frasch, T. S. Whittam, L. O. Frøholm, and R. K. Selander. 1987. Genetic relationships and clonal population structure of serotype 2 strains of Neisseria meningitidis. Infection and Immunity 55:1503-1513. [Download pdf]
  
• 16. Selander, R. K., D. A. Caugant, H. Ochman, J. M. Musser, M. H. Gilmour, and T. S. Whittam. 1986. Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematics. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51:873-884. [Download pdf]
  
• 15. Whittam, T. S. 1986. Book review: Isozymes: Current topics in Biological and Medical Research. Volume 12. Molecular Biology and Evolution 3:177-178.
• 14. Whittam, T. S., A. G. Clark, M. Stoneking, R. L. Cann, and A. C. Wilson. 1986. Allelic variation in human mitochondrial genes based on patterns of restriction site polymorphism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 83:9611-9615. [Download pdf]
  
• 13. Selander, R. K., R. M. McKinney, T. S. Whittam, W. F. Bibb, D. J. Brenner, F. S. Nolte, and P. E. Pattison. 1985. Genetic structure of populations of Legionella pneumophila. Journal of Bacteriology 163:1021-1037. [Download pdf]
  
• 12. Caraco, T., and T. S. Whittam. 1984. Immigration-extinction competition on islands: associations among three species. Journal of Theoretical Biology 110:241-252. [Download pdf]
  
• 11. Ochman, H., R. A. Wilson, T. S. Whittam, and R. K. Selander. 1984. Genetic diversity within serotypes of Escherichia coli, p. 202-224, Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neonatal Diarrhea. Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization Publications, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. [Download pdf]
  
• 10. Ochman, H., T. S. Whittam, D. A. Caugant, and R. K. Selander. 1983. Enzyme polymorphism and genetic population structure in Escherichia coli and Shigella. Journal of General Microbiology 129:2715-2726. [Download pdf]
  
• 9. Whittam, T. S., H. Ochman, and R. K. Selander. 1983. Geographic components of linkage disequilibrium in natural populations of Escherichia coli. Molecular Biology and Evolution 1:67-83. [Download pdf]
  
• 8. Whittam, T. S., H. Ochman, and R. K. Selander. 1983. Multilocus genetic structure in natural populations of Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 80:1751-1755. [Download pdf]
  
• 7. Caugant, D. A., B. R. Levin, G. Lidin-Janson, T. S. Whittam, C. S. Edén, and R. K. Selander. 1983. Genetic diversity and relationships among strains of Escherichia coli in the intestine and those causing urinary tract infections. Progress in Allergy 33:203-227. [Download pdf]
  
• 6. Selander, R. K., and T. S. Whittam. 1983. Protein polymorphism and the genetic structure of populations, p. 89-114. In: M. Nei and R. K. Koehn (ed.), Evolution of genes and proteins. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, Mass. [Download pdf]
  
• 5. Whittam, T. S., and D. Siegel-Causey. 1981. Species interactions and community structure in Alaskan seabird colonies. Ecology 62:1515-1524. [Download pdf]
  
• 4. Whittam, T. S. 1981. Is a negative regression of delta p on p evidence of stable polymorphism? Evolution 35:595-596. [Download pdf]
  
• 3. Whittam, T. S., and D. Siegel-Causey. 1981. Species incidence functions and Alaskan seabird colonies. Journal of Biogeography 8:421-425. [Download pdf]
  
• 2. Gaines, M. S., and T. S. Whittam. 1980. Genetic changes in fluctuating vole populations: selective vs. nonselective forces. Genetics 96:767-778. [Download pdf]
  
• 1. Caraco, T., S. Martindale, and T. S. Whittam. 1980. An empirical demonstration of risk sensitive foraging preferences. Animal Behavior 28:820-830. [Download pdf]